505 articles - 10.09.10
1: Kardiologiia. 2010;50(7):26-30.
[Article in Russian]
[No authors listed]
We used liquid chromatography for analysis of fatty acids (FA) in lipids of erythrocytes of patients with hypertensive disease (HD) with normo- (group 1) and hyperlipidemia (group 2). Abnormalities of FA composition of erythrocyte lipids were revealed in both groups. In group 1 we found deficit of polyenic acids of omega-6 family, accumulation of Mead acid - prostanoid precursor with pronounced vasoconstrictor and pro inflammatory properties. In group 2 we noted more profound rearrangement of lipid matrix of erythrocyte membrane manifested as deficiency of omega-3 polyenic acids, accumulation of palmitinic and arachidonic acids. Preponderance of saturated FA in erythrocytes and deficiency of polyenic acids might evidence for pathology of their ligand-receptor transport into the cell. Blockade of active FA transport initiates formation of HD, promotes accumulation of atherogenic fractions of lipoproteins in blood. These results evidence for important pathogenetic role of FA in development of hypertension.
Publication Types: English Abstract
Links http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/queryd.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=20659041&dopt=ExternalLink
Translate in Italian, in French, in German, in Spanish, in Portuguese
PMID: 20659041 [PubMed - in process]2: Cardiovasc Ther. 2010 Aug;28(4):236-45. Epub 2010 Jun 14.
Pignatelli P, Basili S.
Divisione I Clinica Medica Universita Sapienza, Roma, Italy. Pasquale.pignatelli@uniroma1.it
Atherosclerosis disease and its extent in childhood correlate positively with established risk factors, namely obesity, hypercholesterolemia, diabetes mellitus, and hypertension. The safety and efficacy of some dietary interventions to modulate risk factors in childhood are documented by an increasing body of evidence. The present review analyzes nutritional and nutraceutical current strategies addressed to modify some risk factors of atherosclerosis in childhood. In particular, studies concerning nutrients such as fibers, omega-3-fatty acids, vitamin D, antioxidants, and calcium have been evaluated. An overall analysis suggests that some nutraceuticals might represent an attractive tool to lower the development of atherosclerotic-related cardiovascular complication in children. Nevertheless, at this moment, due to the methodological weakness that characterizes the majority of the analyzed studies, nutrients or supplements should not be considered as a therapeutic tool potentially usable for clinical purpose in children at risk for cardiovascular disease.
Links http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/queryd.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=20553293&dopt=ExternalLink
Translate in Italian, in French, in German, in Spanish, in Portuguese
PMID: 20553293 [PubMed - in process]3: Free Radic Res. 2010 Sep;44(9):983-90.
Mas E, Woodman RJ, Burke V, Puddey IB, Beilin LJ, Durand T, Mori TA.
School of Medicine and Pharmacology, Royal Perth Hospital Unit, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6000, Australia.
Abstract Omega-3 (omega3) fatty acids, particularly eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), protect against cardiovascular disease. Despite these benefits, concern remains that omega3 fatty acids may increase lipid peroxidation. It has previously been shown that urinary F(2)-isoprostanes (F(2)-IsoPs) were reduced following omega3 fatty acid supplementation in humans. It is now determined whether EPA or DHA supplementation affects plasma F(2)-IsoPs. In two 6-week placebo-controlled interventions, Study A: overweight, dyslipidaemic men; and Study B: treated-hypertensive Type 2 diabetic, patients were randomized to 4 g daily EPA, DHA. Post-intervention plasma F(2)-IsoPs were significantly reduced by EPA (24% in Study A, 19% in Study B) and by DHA (14% in Study A, 23% in Study B) relative to the olive oil group. The fall in plasma F(2)-IsoPs was not altered in analyses that corrected for changes in plasma arachidonic acid, which was reduced with EPA and DHA supplementation. Neither F(3)- nor F(4)-IsoPs were observed in plasma in both studies. These results show that in humans, EPA and DHA reduce in vivo oxidant stress as measured in human plasma and urine.
Links http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/queryd.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=20540666&dopt=ExternalLink
Translate in Italian, in French, in German, in Spanish, in Portuguese
PMID: 20540666 [PubMed - in process]4: Hypertens Res. 2010 Aug;33(8):808-13. Epub 2010 Jun 3.
Begg DP, Sinclair AJ, Stahl LA, Premaratna SD, Hafandi A, Jois M, Weisinger RS.
School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid deficiency, particularly during the prenatal period, can cause hypertension in later life. This study examined the effect of different sources of alpha-linolenic acid (canola oil or flaxseed oil) in the prevention of hypertension and other metabolic symptoms induced by an omega-3 fatty acid-deficient diet. Dams were provided one of three experimental diets from 1 week before mating. Diets were either deficient (10% safflower oil-DEF) or sufficient (7% safflower oil+3% flaxseed oil-SUF-F; or 10% canola oil-SUF-C) in omega-3 fatty acids. The male offspring were continued on the maternal diet from weaning for the duration of the study. Body weight, ingestive behaviors, blood pressure, body composition, metabolic rate, plasma leptin and brain fatty acids were all assessed. The DEF animals were hypertensive at 24 weeks of age compared with SUF-F or SUF-C animals; this was not evident at 12 weeks. These results suggest that different sources of ALA are effective in preventing hypertension related to omega-3 fatty acid deficiency. However, there were other marked differences between the DEF and, in particular, the SUF-C phenotype including lowered body weight, adiposity, leptin and food intake in SUF-C animals. SUF-F animals also had lower, but less marked reductions in adiposity and leptin compared with DEF animals. The differences observed between DEF, SUF-F and SUF-C phenotypes indicate that body fat and leptin may be involved in omega-3 fatty acid deficiency hypertension.
Publication Types: Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
Links http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/queryd.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=20520615&dopt=ExternalLink
Translate in Italian, in French, in German, in Spanish, in Portuguese
PMID: 20520615 [PubMed - in process]5: J Food Sci. 2010 Jan-Feb;75(1):R30-42.
McClements DJ.
Biopolymers and Colloids Research Lab., Dept. of Food Science, Univ. of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA. mcclements@foodsci.umass.edu
There is currently a lack of effective delivery systems to encapsulate, protect, and release bioactive lipophilic components, such as omega-3 fatty acids, conjugated linoleic acid, tributyrin, vitamins, antioxidants, carotenoids, and phytosterols, which is holding back the development of functional foods designed to combat diseases such as coronary heart disease, diabetes, hypertension, and cancer. Delivery systems consisting of lipid droplets encapsulated by nano-laminated biopolymer coatings have great potential for use in the food industry for the encapsulation, protection, and release of bioactive lipids. This article reviews the potential impact of the physicochemical characteristics of nano-laminated biopolymer coatings on the bioavailability of encapsulated lipids. The effects of layer thickness, composition, electrical charge, permeability, and environmental responsiveness on digestion, release, and absorption of lipophilic components are highlighted. The possibility of designing nano-laminated biopolymer coatings to increase, decrease, or control the bioavailability of encapsulated lipids is shown. Data generated from in vitro digestion models and animal feeding studies are presented. This knowledge could be used by the food industry to produce functional foods designed to improve human health and wellness.
Publication Types: Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.
Links http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/queryd.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=20492193&dopt=ExternalLink
Translate in Italian, in French, in German, in Spanish, in Portuguese
PMID: 20492193 [PubMed - in process]6: Ann Med. 2010 Jul;42(5):317-33.
Marinangeli CP, Jones PJ.
The Richardson Centre for Functional Foods and Nutraceuticals, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, R3T 2N2, Canada.
Abstract Information regarding the use of functional foods and nutraceuticals (FFN) in combating disease is rarely communicated to health care practitioners as medicinal strategies for patients. Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is an ideal paradigm for demonstrating the therapeutic properties of FFN. Encompassing multiple etiologies, including atherogenic dyslipidemia, insulin resistance, and hypertension, MetS affects over a third of American adults. However, as disease-related risk factors accumulate over time, guidelines for treating disorders of MetS progressively de-emphasize the use of FFN. Using marine omega-3 fatty acids, plant sterols, fiber, and tomato extract as examples, the purpose of this review is to endorse FFN as long-term adjunctive therapies to pharmaceutical treatment for disorders and risk factors for MetS. An additional goal is to compare physiological and molecular targets of FFN against corresponding prescription medications. Results reveal that FFN are viable treatment strategies for disorders of MetS, complementing pharmacological interventions by targeting and improving the biological processes that foster the development of disease. Thus, efficacious FFN therapies should be emphasized throughout all stages of treatment as adjuncts to pharmacotherapy for disorders of MetS. Accordingly, new developments in FFN research must be implemented into clinical guidelines with the prospect of improving disease prognoses as accessories to prescription medications.
Links http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/queryd.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=20486826&dopt=ExternalLink
Translate in Italian, in French, in German, in Spanish, in Portuguese
PMID: 20486826 [PubMed - in process]7: J Alzheimers Dis. 2010;20(3):915-24.
Middleton LE, Yaffe K.
Heart and Stroke Foundation Centre for Stroke Recovery, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada. Middleton l@hotmail.com
The prevalence of dementia is expected to increase dramatically over the upcoming decades due to the aging population. Since treatment is still short of a cure, preventative strategies are of the utmost importance. Stimulating activity (cognitive, physical, and social), vascular risk factors, and diet may be important in preventative strategies. Dementia risk may be modified by participation in stimulating activities. One study suggested that the cognitive, physical, and social components of activity were of equal importance to cognitive outcomes. However, while exercise interventions appear to benefit global cognition, the benefits from cognitive training appear to be domain specific. People with vascular risk factors (hypertension, diabetes, dyslipidemia, and obesity) appear to be at higher risk for dementia than those without in observational and clinical trials. Controlled trials suggest that vascular risk management via some pharmaceutical interventions may benefit cognition, though results are inconsistent. Finally, people who adhere to a Mediterranean diet or who have high intake of antioxidants and omega-3 fatty acids have reduced likelihood of dementia in observational studies. However, supplementation in controlled trials has not generally proved successful at improving cognitive outcomes. A single supplement may be insufficient to prevent dementia; it may be that the overall diet is more important. Future large randomized controlled studies should examine whether interventions can reduce the risk of dementia and whether combining cognitive, physical, and social activity, vascular risk reduction, and dietary interventions might have additive or multiplicative effects.
Publication Types: Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't Review
Links http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/queryd.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=20413867&dopt=ExternalLink
Translate in Italian, in French, in German, in Spanish, in Portuguese
PMID: 20413867 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]8: Eur J Cardiovasc Prev Rehabil. 2010 Apr 10; [Epub ahead of print]
Einvik G, Klemsdal TO, Sandvik L, Hjerkinn EM.
aDivision of Medicine, Akershus University Hospital, Lorenskog bUniversity of Oslo Departments of cPreventive Cardiology dCardiology, Oslo University Hospital Ulleval eCentre of Clinical Research, Oslo University Hospital Ulleval, Oslo, Norway.
BACKGROUND: The benefit of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) supplementation for mortality and cardiovascular events after myocardial infarction is well documented, but the effect of n-3 PUFA in Caucasians without established cardiovascular disease is not known. Our aim was to examine the influence of supplementation with eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid on all-cause mortality and cardiovascular events in elderly men at high-risk of cardiovascular disease. DESIGN: In the Diet and Omega-3 Intervention Trial, 563 Norwegian men, 64-76-year old and 72% without overt cardiovascular disease, were randomized to a 3-year 2x2 factorial designed clinical trial of diet counseling and/or 2.4 g n-3 PUFA supplementation. The n-3 PUFA arm was placebo-controlled (corn oil). METHODS: Demographic parameters and classical risk factors were obtained at baseline. Deaths and cardiovascular events were recorded through 3 years, and the effects of n-3 PUFA-intervention on these outcomes were evaluated in pooled groups of the n-3 PUFA-arm. RESULTS: There were 38 deaths and 68 cardiovascular events. The unadjusted hazard ratios of all-cause mortality and cardiovascular events were 0.57 (95% confidence interval: 0.29-1.10) and 0.86 (0.57-1.38), respectively. Adjusted for baseline age, current smoking, hypertension, body mass index and serum glucose, hazard ratios were 0.53 (0.27-1.04, P=0.063) and 0.89 (0.55-1.45, P=0.641), respectively. CONCLUSION: We observed a tendency toward reduction in all-cause mortality in the n-3 PUFA groups that, despite a low number of participants, reached borderline statistical significance. The magnitude of risk-reduction suggests that a larger trial should be considered in similar populations.
Links http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/queryd.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=20389249&dopt=ExternalLink
Translate in Italian, in French, in German, in Spanish, in Portuguese
PMID: 20389249 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]9: Clin Exp Hypertens. 2010 Jan;32(2):137-44.
Cicero AF, Derosa G, Di Gregori V, Bove M, Gaddi AV, Borghi C.
Lipid Research Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, Aging and Kidney Diseases, Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy. afgcicero@cardionet.it
Recent evidence suggests that at least a part of the polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) heart protective effect is mediated by a relatively small but significant decrease in blood pressure level. We retrospectively evaluated the long-term effect of a PUFA supplementation on the blood pressure level of 111 hypertriglyceridemic subjects with untreated normal-high blood pressure that were prescribed a 2 grams PUFA supplementation in order to improve their plasma lipid pattern. After 12 months of treatment, systolic blood pressure (SBP) meanly decreased by 2.7 +/- 2.5 mmHg (p = 0.001) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) by 1.3 +/- 3.3 mmHg (p < 0.001), while basal heart rate decreased by 4.0 +/- 4.4 bpm (p < 0.001). Both SBP and DBP reduction were significantly related to the baseline SBP (p < 0.001) and DBP (p < 0.001), respectively. Diastolic blood pressure change was also inversely related to the patient's age (p = 0.004). No significant difference was perceived in the metabolic syndrome subgroup. In our retrospective study, highly purified omega-3 PUFA long-term supplementation is associated with a significant reduction in SBP, DBP, Pulse pressure (PP), and basal heart rate in hypertriglyceridemic patients with normal-high blood pressure. No significant difference was perceived in the metabolic syndrome subgroup. The main determinants of the PUFA anti-hypertensive effect appear to be the basal blood pressure level and age.
Links http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/queryd.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=20374188&dopt=ExternalLink
Translate in Italian, in French, in German, in Spanish, in Portuguese
PMID: 20374188 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]10: Am J Clin Nutr. 2010 May;91(5):1195-203. Epub 2010 Mar 31.
Choo J, Ueshima H, Curb JD, Shin C, Evans RW, El-Saed A, Kadowaki T, Okamura T, Nakata K, Otake T, Miura K, Abbott RD, Sutton-Tyrrell K, Edmundowicz D, Kuller LH, Sekikawa A; ERA-JUMP Study Group.
College of Nursing, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea. jinachoo@gmail.com
BACKGROUND: The associations of serum omega-6 (n-6) fatty acids with lipoprotein subclasses at the population level are uncertain. OBJECTIVE: We aimed to examine associations between major n-6 fatty acids [ie, linoleic acid (LA, 18:2n-6) and arachidonic acid (AA, 20:4n-6)] and the lipoprotein subclasses VLDL, LDL, and HDL. DESIGN: We conducted a cross-sectional study in 1098 participants using population-based data from US white, Japanese American, Japanese, and Korean men aged 40-49 y. Serum fatty acids were analyzed by capillary gas-liquid chromatography. Lipoprotein subclasses were measured by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Multiple linear regression models as a function of each fatty acid were used after adjustment for age, population, body mass index, pack-years of smoking, alcohol consumption, diabetes, hypertension, and omega-3 (n-3) and trans fatty acids. RESULTS: Serum LA was inversely associated with large VLDL (beta = -0.62, P < 0.001), total LDL (beta = -22.08, P < 0.001), and small LDL (beta = -31.89, P < 0.001) particle concentrations and VLDL size (beta = -0.72, P < 0.001). Serum LA was positively associated with large HDL particle concentration (beta = 0.21, P < 0.001) and HDL size (beta = 0.03, P < 0.001). The patterns of association of AA with large VLDL and large HDL particle concentrations were comparable with those of LA. CONCLUSIONS: At the population level, higher serum concentrations of LA were significantly associated with lower concentrations of total LDL particles. Higher serum concentrations of LA and AA were significantly associated with a lower concentration of large VLDL particles and a higher concentration of large HDL particles. These associations were consistent across the population groups. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT00069797.
Publication Types: Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
Links http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/queryd.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=20357040&dopt=ExternalLink
Translate in Italian, in French, in German, in Spanish, in Portuguese
PMID: 20357040 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]11: Eur J Pharmacol. 2010 Jun 25;636(1-3):108-13. Epub 2010 Mar 27.
Singh TU, Kathirvel K, Choudhury S, Garg SK, Mishra SK.
Department of Veterinary Pharmacology & Toxicology, College of Veterinary Science & Animal Husbandry, Pandit Deen Dayal Upadhyaya Veterinary University & Go-Anusandhan Sansthan (DUVASU), Mathura, UP, India.
It is known that long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids, such as eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), have beneficial effects on cardiovascular function including pulmonary hypertension. The purpose of the present study was to examine the mechanisms involved in EPA-induced relaxation of sheep isolated pulmonary artery by measuring isometric tension. Nitric oxide (NO) derived from constitutive nitric oxide synthase (cNOS) was measured by Greiss method in the presence of the inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) selective inhibitor N-[[3-(aminomethyl) phenyl]methyl]-ethanimidamide, dihydrochloride (1400 W). EPA (10(-)(7)-10(-)(4)M) caused concentration-dependent relaxation of sheep pulmonary artery with a pD(2) of 5.56+/-0.09 and E(max) of 87.40+/-3.10% (n=9). N(G)-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME) 100 microM significantly attenuated (E(max) 41.95+/-6.70%; n=8) EPA-induced relaxation of endothelium intact arterial rings. Similarly, endothelium denudation markedly inhibited (E(max) 17.60+/-1.21%; n=4) EPA-induced relaxation. EPA (30 microM) significantly increased the cNOS-derived NO release (10.17+/-0.96; n=8 versus control 7.43+/-0.78 pmol/mg tissue wet wt./h; n=7) in endothelium intact vessels. However, EPA-stimulated NO release was markedly blunted by either 100 microM L-NAME (7.07+/-0.54 pmol/mg tissue wet wt./h; n=8) or endothelium removal (6.97+/-0.87 pmol/mg tissue wet wt./h; n=17). In endothelium-denuded K(+) (80 mM)-depolarized arterial rings, EPA (30 microM) significantly inhibited CaCl(2)-induced contractions (E(max) 42.77+/-5.90% versus control 94.78+/-9.82%; n=5). The fatty acid also inhibited nifedipine (1 microM)-insensitive 5-HT-induced contractions in this vessel (E(max) 70.57+/-4.88% versus control 161.50+/-17.46%; n=5). In conclusion, EPA relaxes sheep pulmonary artery primarily through endothelium-dependent NO release, and the residual endothelium-independent relaxation may result from inhibition of Ca(2+)-influx through L-type calcium channels, as well as 5-HT-stimulated intracellular Ca(2+) release. (c) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Publication Types: In Vitro
Links http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/queryd.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=20347779&dopt=ExternalLink
Translate in Italian, in French, in German, in Spanish, in Portuguese
PMID: 20347779 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]12: J Occup Med Toxicol. 2010 Mar 22;5:4.
Hartung D, Stadeler M, Grieshaber R, Keller S, Jahreis G.
Research Centre of Applied System Safety and Occupational Medicine, Erfurt, Mannheim, Germany. danielle.hartung@apz-erfurt.de.
ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND: Although work related risk factors associated with Cardiovascular Diseases (CD) have been well researched, there is no detailed knowledge regarding disparate occupational groups each with a different risk exposition. Therefore, two occupational groups (chefs and office workers) were compared with a focus on nutritional and psychosocial factors. METHODS: Two groups of subjects were tested for work and diet-related risks of CD (45 chefs and 48 office workers). The groups matched both for gender (male) and age (30 to 45 years). The study included a medical check-up, bioelectrical impedance analysis as well as an evaluation of questionnaires on health, nutritional behaviour and coping capacity. In addition, volunteers were required to compile a 7-day-dietary-record and collect their urine 24 h prior to their check-up. Blood samples drawn were analysed for glucose and lipid metabolism, homocysteine, vitamin B12, folic acid; C-reactive protein, uric acid, red blood cell fatty acids, plant sterols, antioxidative capacity and oxidative stress. RESULTS: On average, the chefs showed one risk factor more compared to the office workers. The most frequent risk factors in both groups included overweight/obesity (chef group [CG]: 62.2%; office group [OG]: 58.3%) and elevated TC (CG: 62.2%; OG: 43.8%]. Moreover, although the chefs often had higher CRP-concentrations (40.0%), more office workers suffered from hypertension (37.5%).Chefs showed significant higher concentrations of saturated fatty acids and oleic acid, whereas docosahexaenoic acid, Omega-6- and trans fatty acids were found more frequently in the red blood cell membranes of office workers. While there were no significant differences in analysed plant sterols between the two occupational groups, 7,8-dihydro-8-oxo-2'-deoxyguanosine was significantly increased in office workers.Concerning the work-related psychosocial factors, the chefs were characterised by a stronger subjective importance of work, a greater degree of professional aspiration and enhanced efforts at perfectionism at their workplace. CONCLUSIONS: The chefs in the study bear a higher risk of CD compared to the office-workers. Although, CD is not exclusively a result of workplace-conditions, study results show that work-related influences can not be ignored. Thus, prevention of CD may be an important task attributable to occupational physicians.
Links http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/queryd.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=20307278&dopt=ExternalLink
Translate in Italian, in French, in German, in Spanish, in Portuguese
PMID: 20307278 [PubMed - in process]13: Am J Clin Nutr. 2010 May;91(5):1317-23. Epub 2010 Mar 10.
Heine-Broring RC, Brouwer IA, Proenca RV, van Rooij FJ, Hofman A, Oudkerk M, Witteman JC, Geleijnse JM.
Division of Human Nutrition, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
BACKGROUND: Epidemiologic and experimental data suggest a cardioprotective effect of n-3 (omega-3) fatty acids from fish [eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) plus docosahexaenoic acid (DHA)]. OBJECTIVE: The objective was to examine the association of fish and EPA plus DHA intakes with coronary calcification in a general older population. DESIGN: Diet was assessed between 1990 and 1993 by using a semiquantitative 170-item food-frequency questionnaire. Coronary calcification was assessed approximately 7 y later by electron-beam computed tomography in 1570 asymptomatic cardiac subjects with complete dietary data (44% men, mean age of 64 y). Calcium scores according to Agatston's method were divided into < or = 10 (no/minimal coronary calcification), 11-400 (mild/moderate calcification), and > 400 (severe calcification). Prevalence ratios (PRs) for mild/moderate and severe calcification were obtained in categories of fish and EPA plus DHA intake. PRs were adjusted for age, sex, body mass index, diabetes mellitus, socioeconomic status, smoking, alcohol intake, physical activity, and dietary factors. RESULTS: Subjects with a fish intake > 19 g/d had a significantly lower prevalence of mild/moderate calcification (PR: 0.87; 95% CI: 0.78, 0.98; full model) than did subjects who consumed no fish. Subjects with a high fish intake also had a lower prevalence of severe calcification (PR: 0.88; 95% CI: 0.74, 1.04), which was borderline statistically significant. EPA plus DHA intake showed no significant associations (PR: 0.93 and 0.97, respectively; P > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: We found a weak inverse association between fish intake and coronary calcification. If confirmed in other population-based studies, more research is warranted to determine which components in fish can inhibit vascular calcification.
Publication Types: Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
Links http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/queryd.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=20219958&dopt=ExternalLink
Translate in Italian, in French, in German, in Spanish, in Portuguese
PMID: 20219958 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]14: Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids. 2010 Apr-Jun;82(4-6):277-80. Epub 2010 Mar 4.
Fortier M, Tremblay-Mercier J, Plourde M, Chouinard-Watkins R, Vandal M, Pifferi F, Freemantle E, Cunnane SC.
Research Center on Aging, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada.
The elderly reportedly have a significantly higher % of eicosapentaenoic (EPA) and docosahexaenoic (DHA) acids in plasma and red cell lipids. However, these observations are from a few small studies and the health status of the elderly in these studies is for the most part unclear. Since the elderly are susceptible to cardiovascular and neurological illnesses that seem to be related in part to lower intake of n-3 fatty acids it seems paradoxical that their blood levels of EPA and DHA would be higher than in young adults. We report here plasma fatty acid profiles and their response to supplementation with two types of fish oils from several of our recent studies in the moderately healthy elderly. We define the moderately healthy elderly as those who were in good physical condition, had no cognitive decline and, if present, in whom hypothyroidism, hyperlipidemia and/or hypertension were well-controlled. As shown previously, we confirm the higher % EPA and % total n-3 fatty acids (but not DHA) in fasting plasma and extend these findings to include higher plasma concentrations (mg/L) of n-3 fatty acids as well. The EPA-predominant supplement raised DHA only in the young, whereas the DHA-predominant supplement raised EPA more in the young than in the elderly. The moderately healthy elderly clearly have higher plasma n-3 fatty acids but whether this reflects differences in intake versus aging-related changes in n-3 fatty acid metabolism remains to be elucidated. Copyright 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Publication Types: Clinical Trial Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
Links http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/queryd.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=20206489&dopt=ExternalLink
Translate in Italian, in French, in German, in Spanish, in Portuguese
PMID: 20206489 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]15: Br J Nutr. 2010 Jul;104(2):160-3. Epub 2010 Mar 5.
Gulseth HL, Gjelstad IM, Tierney AC, Shaw DI, Helal O, Hees AM, Delgado-Lista J, Leszczynska-Golabek I, Karlstrom B, Lovegrove J, Defoort C, Blaak EE, Lopez-Miranda J, Dembinska-Kiec A, Riserus U, Roche HM, Birkeland KI, Drevon CA.
Hormone Laboratory, Department of Clinical Endocrinology, Faculty of Medicine, Oslo University Hospital Aker, University of Oslo, Trondheimsveien 235, N-0514 Oslo, Norway. h.l.gulseth@medisin.uio.no
Hypertension is a key feature of the metabolic syndrome. Lifestyle and dietary changes may affect blood pressure (BP), but the knowledge of the effects of dietary fat modification in subjects with the metabolic syndrome is limited. The objective of the present study was to investigate the effect of an isoenergetic change in the quantity and quality of dietary fat on BP in subjects with the metabolic syndrome. In a 12-week European multi-centre, parallel, randomised controlled dietary intervention trial (LIPGENE), 486 subjects were assigned to one of the four diets distinct in fat quantity and quality: two high-fat diets rich in saturated fat or monounsaturated fat and two low-fat, high-complex carbohydrate diets with or without 1.2 g/d of very long-chain n-3 PUFA supplementation. There were no overall differences in systolic BP (SBP), diastolic BP or pulse pressure (PP) between the dietary groups after the intervention. The high-fat diet rich in saturated fat had minor unfavourable effects on SBP and PP in males.
Publication Types: Multicenter Study Randomized Controlled Trial Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
Links http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/queryd.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=20202290&dopt=ExternalLink
Translate in Italian, in French, in German, in Spanish, in Portuguese
PMID: 20202290 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]16: Cell Mol Biol (Noisy-le-grand). 2010 Feb 25;56(1):83-92.
Mori TA.
School of Medicine and Pharmacology, Royal Perth Hospital Unit, University of Western Australia and the Cardiovascular Research Centre, Perth, Western Australia, Australia. trevor.mori@uwa.edu.au
There is substantial evidence that omega-3 fatty acids reduce blood pressure, with a greater effect in hypertensive patients and those with high-normal blood pressure. The dose of omega-3 fatty acids required to achieve a blood pressure reduction is likely to be at least 3-4 g/day. However, the magnitude of the blood pressure change can be increased by salt restriction or when omega-3 fatty acids are incorporated into a weight reducing program. It is also highly plausible that increased omega-3 fatty acid consumption as part of a dietary change including increased consumption of fruits and vegetables, and moderation of salt intake, will confer significant cardiovascular benefit.
Links http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/queryd.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=20196972&dopt=ExternalLink
Translate in Italian, in French, in German, in Spanish, in Portuguese
PMID: 20196972 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]17: J Alzheimers Dis. 2010;20(3):765-75.
Kamphuis PJ, Scheltens P.
Danone Research, Centre for Specialised Nutrition, Wageningen, The Netherlands. Patrick.Kamphuis@danone.com
Age-related changes in nutritional status can play an important role in brain functioning. Specific nutrient deficiencies in the elderly, including omega-3 fatty acids, B-vitamins, and antioxidants among others, may exacerbate pathological processes in the brain. Consequently, the potential of nutritional intervention to prevent or delay cognitive impairment and the development of Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a topic of growing scientific interest. This review summarizes epidemiological studies linking specific nutritional deficiencies to mild cognitive impairment (MCI), as well as completed and ongoing nutritional studies in prevention of MCI and AD. Processes that underlie AD pathogenesis include: membrane/synaptic degeneration, abnormal protein processing (amyloid-beta, tau), vascular risk factors (hypertension, hypercholesterolemia), inflammation, and oxidative stress. Consideration of mechanistic evidence to date suggests that several nutritional components can effectively counteract these processes, e.g., by promoting membrane formation and synaptogenesis, enhancing memory/behavior, improving endothelial function, and cerebrovascular health. The literature reinforces the need for early intervention in AD and suggests that multi-nutritional intervention, targeting multiple aspects of the neurodegenerative process during the earliest possible phase in the development of the disease, is likely to have the greatest therapeutic potential.
Publication Types: Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't Review
Links http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/queryd.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=20182021&dopt=ExternalLink
Translate in Italian, in French, in German, in Spanish, in Portuguese
PMID: 20182021 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]18: Atheroscler Suppl. 2009 Dec 29;10(5):89-94.
Stefanutti C, D'Alessandri G, Russi G, De Silvestro G, Zenti MG, Marson P, Belotherkovsky D, Vivenzio A, Di Giacomo S.
Dipartimento di Clinica e Terapia Medica, Plasmapheresis Unit, University of Rome "La Sapienza", Policlinico "Umberto I", Italy.
LDL-apheresis (LDLa) efficacy in the treatment of symptomatic HyperLp(a)lipoproteinemia -HyperLp(a)- has been studied in a multicentre trial. After 3.1+/-2.7 years of weekly and biweekly treatment, the data from 19 patients (males:12; females:7; aged 53.8+/-9.3 years; mean body mass index: 24.6+/-2.3 Kg/m(2)) were evaluated. Data were collected using the same questionnaire shared by 5 participating centres. A total of 2331 procedures were performed. A mean of 3593.7+/-800.3 ml of plasma or 8115.3+/-2150.1 ml of blood, depending upon the technique used (H.E.L.P., D.A.LI., Dextransulphate, Lipocollect 200), was regularly treated on average every 10.1+/-2.6 days. Baseline mean Lp(a) levels were 172.3+/-153.8 mg/dL. The mean pre-/post-apheresis Lp(a) levels decreased from 124.5+/-107.2 mg/dL (p<0.001 vs baseline) to 34.2+/-40.6 mg/dL (p<0.001 vs pre-). Baseline mean LDL-cholesterol (LDLC) levels were 152.3+/-74.6 mg/dL. The mean pre-/post-apheresis LDLC levels decreased from 130.4+/-61.1 mg/dL (p<0.004 vs baseline) to 41.2+/-25.1 mg/dL (p<0.001 vs pre-). The hypolipidemic drugs given to the patients during LDLa were: ezetimibe+simvastatin, atorvastatin, rosuvastatin, pravastatin, acipimox, and omega-3 fatty acids. 58% of the patients had arterial hypertension. Cigarette smokers were 5.3%. Alcohol intake was present in 21%. 52.6% were physically active. Patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) submitted to coronary catheterization before LDLa were 95%. In 5.5% (#1) CAD recurred despite treatment with LDLa. 79% were submitted to coronary revascularization before LDLa. CAD was: monovasal in 8 patients (42.1%), bivasal in 5 (26.4%), trivasal in 4 (21%), plurivasal in 2 (10.5%). In 94.5% of the sample the lesions were stable (< 0% deviation) over 3.1+/-2.7 years. 37% had both CAD and extra-coronary artery disease. This multicentre study confirmed that long-term treatment with LDLa was at least able to stabilize CAD in the majority of the individuals with symptomatic HyperLp(a). Copyright (c) 2009 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.
Links http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/queryd.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=20129383&dopt=ExternalLink
Translate in Italian, in French, in German, in Spanish, in Portuguese
PMID: 20129383 [PubMed - in process]19: Bull Acad Natl Med. 2009 Jun;193(6):1271-8; discussion 1278-9.
[Article in French]
Levy E.
Centre de recherche, CHU Ste-Justine, 3175, chemin de la Cote Ste-Catherine, Montreal, Quebec, Canada, H3T 1C5. emile.levy@recherche-ste-justine.qc.ca
Insulin resistance, which is closely tied to obesity and cardiovascular disease (CVD), leads to a wide range of clinical and biochemical disorders, including hyperinsulinemia, hypertension, abnormal carbohydrate metabolism, blood coagulation and fibrinolysis, non alcoholic hepatic steatosis and dyslipidemia, the latter being characterized by high triglyceride levels, low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels, and an increased number of small dense particles of low-density lipoprotein. Pathophysiological studies underscore the direct role of postprandial hyperlipidemia in the formation of atheroma plaque. Diet, interacting with genetic factors, may also have a significant influence on the development of obesity, type 2 diabetes and CVD. In this review, we examine the potential of omega-3 fatty acids : to correct postprandial lipid disorders (by reducing chylomicron secretion and altering the expression of genes involved in intestinal lipid metabolism); to control hepatic lipid metabolism and to reduce the risk of non alcoholic hepatic steatosis; and to provide a genetic substrate and environment during fetal development that will help prevent vascular disorders later in life.
Publication Types: English Abstract Review
Links http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/queryd.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=20120158&dopt=ExternalLink
Translate in Italian, in French, in German, in Spanish, in Portuguese
PMID: 20120158 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]20: Yonsei Med J. 2009 Dec 31;50(6):757-63. Epub 2009 Dec 18.
Shin MJ, Shim E, Kang B, Park S, Lee SH, Shim CY, Park E, Chung N.
Department of Food and Nutrition, Korea University, Seoul, Korea.
PURPOSE: In the present study, we tested whether the presence of metabolic syndrome (MetS) would worsen the features of inflammation, plasma omega 3 fatty acid levels and antioxidant potential in treated hypertensive patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS: TWO GROUPS WERE CLASSIFIED BY THE COMPONENTS OF METS: a reference group of treated hypertensive subjects: hypertension (HTN) group (n = 39) and with more than two additional MetS components: HTN with Mets group (n = 40). We further compared the parameters between HTN group and HTN with MetS group. RESULTS: The results showed that age (p < 0.001) and body mass index (BMI) (p < 0.001) were significantly different between HTN group and HTN with MetS group. Age- and BMI-adjusted total radical trapping antioxidant potential (TRAP) (p < 0.01) was significantly lower, whereas age- and BMI-adjusted CD (p < 0.05) and interleukin (IL) 6 (p < 0.05) were significantly higher in HTN with MetS group than in HTN group. Moreover, HTN with MetS group had significantly lower levels of age- and BMI-adjusted plasma phospholipid eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) than HTN group (p < 0.05). On the other hand, the levels of age- and BMI-adjusted intracellular cell adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), adiponectin and high molecular weight (HMW)-adiponectin were not significantly different between the groups. CONCLUSION: In conclusion, our results showed increased inflammatory marker, reduced antioxidant potential and EPA levels in treated hypertensive patients in the presence of MetS, suggesting the importance of changes of therapeutic lifestyle to modify the features of MetS.
Publication Types: Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
Links http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/queryd.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=20046414&dopt=ExternalLink
Translate in Italian, in French, in German, in Spanish, in Portuguese
PMID: 20046414 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]